Chicago/Turabian Style Citation
This page will help you with Chicago Style or Turabian citations for your sources. If you need further help, please use the links below or ask a reference librarian.
Turabian Style - a variation of the Chicago style based on the book written by Kate Turabian
FOOTNOTES/ENDNOTES IN CHICAGO STYLE
When citing sources in Chicago style, the in-text citations look a little different than for styles such as MLA or APA styles. Instead of using a parenthetical in-text citation, you will use what is called a footnote or endnote to reference the sources you are using in your paper.
To cite a source within the text of your paper, you will put a superscript number after a quote or paraphrase. Citation numbers should appear in sequential order (i.e., you should begin with 1 and continue numerically throughout the paper). Do not start the order over on each page.
If using endnotes, numbered notes will appear on a separate, endnotes page at the end of your document and before the bibliography page. The page should be titled Notes (centered at top).
Footnotes must appear at the bottom of the page that they are referred to.
Example
Cole found that "The bones were very fragile".1
Each superscript then refers to a numbered citation in the footnotes or endnotes.
The first time the in-text reference is cited you must include, author's first name, author's last name, title, place of publication, publisher name, year and referenced pages. e.g.
1. James Smith, The first and last war, (New York, Hamilton, 2003), 2.
If the citation has already been cited it may be shortened to author's last name, shortened title, and page referenced number. e.g.
2. Smith, The first, 220-221.
If the citation has been referenced immediately prior, the note may be shortened even further to ibid with the page number. e.g.
3. Ibid., 786.
Citing Your Sources in Chicago/Turabian Style
