This page will help you with Chicago Style or Turabian citations for your sources. If you need further help, please use the links below or ask a reference librarian.
Turabian Style - a variation of the Chicago style based on the book written by Kate Turabian
When citing sources in Chicago/Turabian style, the in-text citations look a little different than for styles such as MLA or APA styles. Instead of using a parenthetical in-text citation, you will use what is called a footnote or endnote to reference the sources you are using in your paper.
To cite a source within the text of your paper, you will put a superscript number after a quote or paraphrase. Citation numbers should appear in sequential order (i.e., you should begin with 1 and continue numerically throughout the paper). Do not start the order over on each page.
If using endnotes, numbered notes will appear on a separate endnotes page at the end of your document and before the bibliography page. The page should be titled Notes (centered at top).
Footnotes must appear at the bottom of the page that they are referred to.
Example
Cole found that "The bones were very fragile".1
Each superscript then refers to a numbered citation in the footnotes or endnotes.
The first time the in-text reference is cited you must include, author's first name, author's last name, title, place of publication, publisher name, year and referenced pages. e.g.
1. James Smith, The first and last war, (New York, Hamilton, 2003), 2.
If the citation has already been cited it may be shortened to author's last name, shortened title, and page referenced number. e.g.
2. Smith, The first, 220-221.
If the citation has been referenced immediately prior, the note may be shortened even further to ibid with the page number. e.g.
3. Ibid., 786.
This page will help you with APA citation for your sources. If you need further help, please use the links below or ask a reference librarian.
Cite journal articles, magazine articles, and newspaper articles the same whether in print or digital. Do not include the name of the database or a URL. Only include a DOI (Digital Object Identifier) if provided. The standard format for DOIs is https://doi.org/...(the DOI number given).
Cite books, eBooks, and parts of books found in a subscription database the same whether in print or digital. Do not include the name of the database or a URL. Do not include the place of publication (city and state).
For webpages or articles found on websites, do not use a period at the end of the URL. Provide a URL that links directly to the section, not the home page of the website, and is a live hyperlink. Do not include a "retrieved from" statement. Only include a retrieval date if the work is designed to change over time.
Further Breakdown of Source Part of Journal Article Citation: